grpaphology

MB Free Graphology 1.25

2008-09-16T05:47:00.000-07:00

MB Free Graphology is a free graphology or handwriting analysis software. It is an advanced yet simple and handy program that helps you to understand the significance of your handwriting. handwriting. It is with the help of this software that you come to know yourself better; it tells you about your nature, your personality, your positive and negative traits, your behavior and much more. This program gives you a detailed interpretation your handwriting. This program also helps a person understand his personality and improve himself for the better. Thus, for the purpose of obtaining an accurate ?true? result about your nature and changing personality, it is advisable to analyze your handwriting with the help of this program at least once every month. The result thus generated will be dependant on such factors as our changing mood, environment, business, living condition and the like.

www.my-install.com/downloads/Education-Reference-Tools/0/41965/MB-Free-Graphology.html

Graphology References

2008-09-16T05:43:00.000-07:00

Beyerstein B. The origins of graphology in sympathetic magic. In Beyerstein BL, Beyerstein DF, editors. The Write Stuff: Evaluations of Graphology—The Study of Handwriting Analysis. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1992, pp 163-200.
Gullan-Wuhr M. The Graphology Workbook: A Complete Guide to Interpreting Handwriting. Wellingborough, England: Aquarian, 1986, p 11.
Beyerstein B, Zhang J-P. By a man's calligraphy Ye shall know him: Handwriting analysis in China. In The Write Stuff, pp 30-41.
Nickell J. Handwriting: Identification science and graphological analysis contrasted. In The Write Stuff, pp 42-52.
Bunker MM. Handwriting Analysis: The Science of Determining Personality by Graphoanalysis. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1971.
Crumbaugh J. Graphoanalytic cues. In The Write Stuff, pp 105-118.
Lockowandt O. The present status of the research on handwriting psychology as a diagnostic method. In The Write Stuff, pp 55-58.
Dean G. The bottom line: Effect size. In The Write Stuff, pp 269-341.
Kelly I. The scientific case against astrology. Mercury, Nov/Dec 1980, pp 135-141.
Loewe M, Blacker C, editors. Oracles and Divination. Boulder, CO: Shambhala, 1981.
Karnes E, Leonard SD. Graphoanalytic and psychometric personality profiles: Validity and Barnum effects. In The Write Stuff, pp 436-461.
Carswell R. Graphology: Canadian implications. In The Write Stuff, pp 477-487.
Reagh JD. Legal implications of graphology in the United States. In The Write Stuff, pp 465-476.
Beyerstein B. Handwriting is brainwriting. So what? In The Write Stuff, pp 397-419.
McNichol A. Handwriting Analysis: Putting It to Work for You. Chicago, Contemporary Books, 1991.
Marne P. Sex and Crime in Handwriting.. London, England: Constable, 1981.
De Sainte Colombe P. Graphotherapeutics: The Pen and Pencil Therapy. NY: Popular Library, 1972.
Bowman M. Difficulties in Assessing Personality and Predicting Behavior. In The Write Stuff, pp 203-231.
Allport GW, Vernon PE. Studies in Expressive Movement. New York: Macmillan, 1933.
Beyerstein D. 1992. Graphology and the philosophy of science. In The Write Stuff, pp 121-162.
Nickell J. A brief history of graphology. In The Write Stuff, pp 23-29.
Nickell J. Pen, Ink, and Evidence. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. 1990.
Harris R. Selling Hitler. NY: Pantheon, 1986.
Klimoski, R. Graphology and Personnel Selection. In The Write Stuff, pp. 232-268.
Jansen A. Validation of Graphological Judgements: An Experimental Study. Paris: Mouton, 1973.
Dean G and others. Graphology and human judgment. In The Write Stuff, pp 342-396.
Beyerstein B, Hadaway P. On avoiding folly. Journal of Drug Issues 20:689-700, 1990.
Ben-Shakhar G and others. Can graphology predict occupational success? Two empirical studies and some methodological ruminations. Journal of Applied Psychology 71:645-653., 1986.
Rafaeli A, Klimoski R. Predicting sales success through handwriting analysis: An evaluation of the effects of training and handwriting sample content. Journal of Applied Psychology 68:212-217, 1983.
Gilovich, T. How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. NY: Free Press/Macmillan, 1991.
Goldberg L. Some Informal Explorations and Ruminations About Graphology. In Nevo B, editor. Scientific Aspects of Graphology. Springfield, Ill.: Charles Thomas, pp. 281-293, 1986.
Hyman R. 1977. Cold reading: How to convince strangers you know all about them. The Zetetic (now The Skeptical Inquirer) 1(2): 18-37, 1977.
Dickson D, Kelly I. The 'Barnum Effect' in personality assessment: A review of the literature. Psychological Reports 57:367-382, 1985.
Marks D, Kammann R. The Psychology of the Psychic. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. 1980.
Bunge M. What is pseudoscience? The Skeptical Inquirer 9(1):36-46, 1984.

Some Definitions

2008-09-16T05:40:00.000-07:00

Categories:

Holistic Graphology:

This approach starts by registering an intuitive reaction to the script, based on an overall appearance of the script. It then deduces an individual's type, and uses that for the resulting graphological report.

The Psychogram is probably the best known system of handwriting analysis, that falls within the approach of Holistic Graphology.

Integrative Graphology:

This approach starts by registering what the characterstics of the script are, and building a graphological profile from that.

Graphoanalysis is the best known system of handwriting analysis that falls within the approach of Integrative Graphology.

Symbolic Analysis:

This approach looks at specific elements within a script, and assigns to them various meanings, depending upon whether the macro-script is being looked at, or the micro-script.

Max Pulver's _Symbolik Der Handschrift_ is probably the best known work, that falls under this approach. This approach does provide the theoretical basis, for the other two approac

Categories and GraphoAnalysis definition (below) supplied by "Jonathon Blake; The Graphology-L FAQ"

Definitions:

GraphoAnalysis^TM (gra.fo.a.nal'a.sis)

The system of handwriting analysis as taught by the International Graphoanalysis Society (IGAS).

Library of Congress classification index heading:

PSYCHOLOGY

Graphology (gra.fol.le.ji)

The study of handwriting and its revaluation of personality facets and character traits through slant, pressure, etc. The manifestation through writing of patterns of thought, emotional discipline, energy and enthusiasm, curiosity, independence, imagination, manual dexterity, hidden aptitudes and natural abilities.

The term "Graphology" was coined by Abbé Hypolite Michon in 1871.

Black's Law Dictionary Revised Fourth Edition Page 846

Handwriting

The chirography of a person; the cast or form of writing peculiar to a person, including the size, shape, and style of letters, tricks of penmanship, and whatever gives individuality to his writing, distinguishing it from that of other persons. In Re Hyland's Will, 1 Gib 41,58 St.R. 798, 27 N.Y.S. 961, 963.

A Historical Perspective on Graphological References and Validation Studies

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That handwriting is brainwriting is undebatable -- that handwriting has a physiological/ psychological link in the brain established decades ago by extensive European research is understood by surprisingly few outside the handwriting community in this country. Yet, this concept underscores why handwriting's movement patterns across the page can be analyzed.

Just five people, Dr. Rudolph Pophal (Germany, neurologist/graphologist), Klara Roman (Hungary, psychologist/graphologist), Robert Saudek, (England, psychologist/graphologist), Dr. Werner Wolff (Germany/America, psychologist), and Dr.Alexander Luria (Russia/physiologist), collectively contributed some 130 years of individual research. Nearly lost in the midst of time, this research established handwriting's physiological/psychological link in the brain over 50 years ago. This foundation is also the basis for the use of handwriting as a remediation educational technique to train the brain to gain impulse control.

How can such an incredible anomaly exist? A look back in time to the early part of the 20th century reveals conditions that fostered it. During the general time frame when such extensive research was underway in Europe, America was caught in the deep clutches of Behaviorism. Founded by John Watson and B.F. Skinner in the 1920s, Behaviorism controlled most psychology research in this country for nearly five decades. Founded on the tenet that consciousness was such a troublesome concept to ascertain and terming the brain "the little black box", he refused to deal with aspects of consciousness in research. It was simply ignored for decades. Consequently, this left a large research void, a black hole, in this country in that little European research has been replicated here. Thus many millions of professionals are oblivious to handwriting's deeper implications.

Below are just a few of the seminal research projects that established handwriting is brainwriting, with descriptions as provided by Marc Seifer, Ph.D.

(1882) Crepieux- Jamin, J. Hysteria and Handwriting. Handwritng and Expression, London: Kegan, Trench and Trubner. The examination of forty-five handwritings of hysterical persons revealed... in 24 instances... marked agitation and the abnormally large movements of the pen. (p211)
(1895) Preyer, W. On the Physiology of Handwriting. Hamburg. Preyer established that similar styles can be achieved when the pen was held by either right or left hand, foot or mouth, thereby establishing that handwriting was centrally organized by the brain and not the appendage.
(1901) Meyer, G. Die Wissenschaftlichen Grundalgen der Grapholgie, Berlin. A systematic study of factors of handwriting correlating with specific characterological features of identity was conducted, e.g., artificality, spontaneity, slant, size, simplifiction, elaboration, propensity toward roundedness, angularity. etc.
(1919) Downey, J. Graphology and the Psychology of Handwriting, Baltimore: Warwick and York, Inc. Bipolar expressive characteristics such as fluent or jerky, impulsive or deliberate were examined in twelve individuals in their handwriting, carriage, and expressive gestures, using 11 judges. Above chance correlations were achieved.
(1926) Saukek, R. Experiments With Handwriting. London: George Allen & Unwin. This 395 page text is devoted to the ascertaining of objective criteria in handwriting. e.g., determining the relative speed of handwriting, developmental changes in the execution of the writing trail from childhood to adulthood, the role of the central nervous system, etc. Footnotes and detailed bibliography included.
(1933) Allport, G., & Vernon,P. Studies in Expressive Movement. New York, NY: Macmillian. This treatise contains numerous controlled experiments which discovered a congruence between expressive movements (e.g., handwriting, gestures, gait) ... and attitudes, traits and values (pp.247-248).
(1936) Roman, K. Studies on the variability of handwriting: The development of writing speed and point pressure in 2,200 school children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, xliv, 139-160.
(1939) Jacoby, H. Uniqueness and handwriting. Analysis of Handwriting. London: George Allen & Unwin. Two hundred samples were studied for one letter, the "i". After careful analysis, no two strokes were found to be identical. The full 200 samples are provided.
(1944) Lewinson, T.S., and Zubin, J. Handwriting Analysis: A series of scales for evaluating the dynamic apsects of handwriting. New York. Using objective criteria, the authors were successfully able to differentiate between the handwriting of delinquents and non-delinquents.
(1948) Wolff. W. Diagrams of the Unconscious. This masterwork explores a full range of experiemental studies. 'The expressive movement in writing (especially the signature), is made chiefly in a state of unawareness, automatically and impulsively... These unconscious movements represent a reign of order, proportion and configuration, appearing in the same exact way as if they had been consciously calculated, measured and constructed...(p.151) (They) originate neither in change nor in conscious intention, but (rather)... they reflect unconscious principles of organization (p.177.)" Included is a bibliography of 474 graphological studies.

by Jeanette Farmer, C.G.

Graphology Training

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This page shows organisations that offer tuition in graphology. A key is used to distinguish between providers of Distance Learning (DL) and Personal Tuition (PT). Distance Learning methods may be offered by post, internet, e-mail, video, audio- cassette, telephone, computer software or by other means. Personal Tuition may be offered in a classroom situation or as one-to-one teaching. Prices vary, some tuition is free of charge. Programmes may be as short as one day but practitioners recommend courses of at least three years (over 240 hours) duration. Generally Individuals are not listed; to find a personal tutor close to you, contact a national association.

Universities are frequently used as a venue for tuition, and in some cases offer courses themselves and Graphology is sometimes taught as a part of other subjects. The designation "degree" and "diploma" in graphology is used sometimes by course providers; the content of these is variable.

Perhaps the most famous Diploma is offered by the Société Française de Graphologie (Paris), with various examination centres outside France. Degree courses recognised by the Italian Ministry of Education are taught at the Universities of Urbino and Lumsa (Rome).

In 1997 the Ministry of Education of Argentina formally recognized a degree in graphology, now taught at Emerson University College, Buenos Aires.

Universities which have offered partial or complete courses in the past (and may be active in some way now), include the following: UK - Loughborough; Glasgow University; Spain - Universidad de Valencia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, (Estudios Criminología and Facultad de Medecina), Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, Universidad de Córdoba, Universidad de Barcelona; Germany - Heidelberg, Cologne, Munich, Fribourg, Hamburg, Bielefeld, Berlin; Italy - Messina. (See this article in Spanish on Graphology at Universities and a current list, in Spanish of courses offered..)

Summer schools have become popular in recent years. They offer an intensive one or two week course on specific topics, to update knowledge or to specialise. Introductory summer schools are also available for newcomers to the subject.

Certification, accreditation, licensing, qualified and expert are terms sometimes used in discussing graphological training. Assessment may be by written essays, multiple choice tests, analysis portraits, oral questioning and other techniques.

The nature and status of graphology varies from country to country. It is therefore difficult to make a definitive statement about whether a given course leads to a graphologist who is competent to operate in a specific field. The only common outcome from following any course is that a certificate of completion is likely to be awarded.

Another useful thing about courses are that they give a structured reading programme. Click here to see a list of the most important books for graphology training, based on the reading recommendations of the main European courses.

Many institutions allow the student to design a personalised study program. It is perfectly acceptable for graphology to be proposed as one of these Masters or Doctorate programs. A good example of this was described in the AHAF Journal 30(6) November-December 1997. It told how Prescott College in Arizona, USA offered an accredited Master of Arts Degree – “self-directed and limited residence.” One student, Mark Reddy, designed his MA and called it “The Psychology of Handwriting”

In 2003 Urbino offered a Masters Degree in Graphology (see http://www.grafologia.it for details)

Argentina/ Brazil

DL/PT Emerson University College
Av. Corrientes 2092 - 2° and 3° floors - C1045AAO - Buenos Aires
Argentina
Contact: Prof. Julio Néstor G. Cavalli, Principal
E-mail: emerson@overnet.com.ar http://www.emerson.com.ar

DL Paulo Sergio de Carmargo
Cx 61.000 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Cep - 21616-120, Brazil
E-mail: psggrafo@domain.com.br

Belgium

PT CEREG
Boulevard Mettewie, 85 Bte 24 (27ème étage), 1080 Brussels, Belgium
Contact: M. de Grave

PT IBPG/BEGOPS - Bureau d'Etude Graphologique Orientation Psychologique Selection
Rue Duysburgh 32, boite 19, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium

PT IBPG/BEGOPS
Rue Bosret 14, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
(Jacques Vandromme) (Founded in 1971, teach in Brussels, Nivelles, Namur, Mons)

PT IEG Institut d'enseignement de La Graphologie (ASBL)
Avenue Vandermissen 27, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium (Founded 1945 as Institut d'Orientation)

Canada

PT Association de Graphologues du Québec Inc.
CP 731, succ. Jean-Talon, Montréal (Québec), H15 2Z5 Canada

DL École de Graphologie
Ghislaine Forgues Enr.
8684, 15e Avenue, Montréal (Québec) H1Z 3N7, Canada

PT École de Graphologie
Jocelyne Guévin-Canse,
7, 55e Avenue, Montréal (Québec), H1A 254, Canada

PT Institut de Graphologie Roma Lavoie
5055, rue Rivard, Montréal (Québec), H27 2N9 Canada

PT L'Institut de Psychographologie de Montréal Inc. (1981- )
CP446, succ. Youville, Montréal (Québec) H2P 2V6 Canada
Contact: Louise Papillon

PT Institut Grapho-Logique Enr.
980, Marie-Curie, Chicoutimi (Québec) G7H 6J7 Canada
Contact: Clorilda Lavoie
igraph@netrover.com

DL Institut National de Caracterologie inc.
700, rue Racine Est, Chicoutimi, Qc, G7H 1V2, Canada

PT La Société des spécialistes en graphologie du Québec inc. (1979-) 120, rue Saint-Olivier, app.2, Québec, Québec G1R 1G1

www.graphologiessgq.org courriel: ssgq@graphologiessgq.org Des cours de graphologie d'une durée de trois ans en classe, avec en plus, une année chacune pour les spécialistés telles que: analyse de dessins d'enfants, orientation scolaire, documents litigieux, graphothérapie et la sélection de personnel.

France
PT Société Française de Graphologie
5. rue Las-Cases, 75007 Paris. France
http://www.graphologie.asso.fr

PT Université Lumiere Lyon 2
Faculté des Lettres, Sciences du Langage et Arts,
86, rue Pasteur, 2e étage, 69365 Lyon-Cedex 07, France

http://nte.univ-lyon2.fr/fclettres/

PT L'Université Victor Ségalen Bordeaux II,

146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux

http://www.u-bordeaux2.fr

Germany

DL Dr. Helmut Ploog
Rossinistr. 9, 85598 Baldham bei Munchen, Germany

Israel

PT Naftali Institute
10 Hahagana St., Hod-Hasharon, 45225 Israel
Email: m-naftali@barak-online.net
Contact: Ms. Michal Naftali

Italy

PT Accademia di Scienze Grafologiche (ASG)

Via Marco di Vincenzo, 10

90143 Palermo, Italy

Contact: Anna Costantino

http://www.accademiadiscienzegrafologiche.com

accademiadiscienzegrafologiche@yahoo.it

PT AGAS
Via Pasubio 41, 40133 Bologna, Italy
Contact: Roberto Travaglini

DL AGI Calabria
(Italy) http://www.diel.it/grafologia

PT AGIF
Via S. Prisca 8, 00153, Rome, Italy
Contact: Maria Grazia Calcagno
DL Antonio de Pastors
(Spain) www.arrakis.es/~pastors

PT APRESPA
Pzza Rizzo 23, 30027 S. Dona Di Piave. (VE), Italy
Contact: Luigi Ceccarello

PT ARIGRAF
Via Venezia 15, 00184 Rome, Italy
Contact: Carla Poma

PT CESGRAF
Via G. Allievo, 75 00135 Rome, Italy
Contact: Angela Mele

PT CIGME
Via dei Sulpici, 73, 00173 Rome, Italy
Contact: Vincenzo Tarantino

PT ISG
Via del Serafico 1, 00142 Rome, Italy
Contact: Alberto Bravo

PT Istituto Grafologico "Girolamo Moretti" (Degree course)
Piazza San Francesco 7, 61029 Urbino (PS). Italy
http://www.grafologia.it In 2003 Urbino offered a Masters Degree in Graphology (see HERE for details)

PT Istituto Italiano di Grafologìa
Via Giulia 3, 34100 Trieste
Contact: Oscar Venturini

PT Istituto Toscano di Scienze Grafologiche, (1996- )
Via Luca Glordano 7/p, 50132 Florence, Italy
Contact: Anna Fornasarig

PT ISFES
Via Campana 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
Contact: Marìa Grazìa Crepaldi

PT LUMSA, Rome, Italy (Degree Course)
http://www.lumsa.it

PT Scuola di Grafologia "Crotti"
Via Plinio 52, 20129 Milan, Italy
Contact: Alberto Magni e-mail: studiocm@prof.it

PT Scuola Superiore di grafologia
La Pontificia Facoltà teologica, "San Bonaventura",via del Serafico 1,
00142 Rome, Italy.
Contact: Franco Torbidoni

PT Scuola Superiore di Grafologia "Moretti (1992- )
Via Scillitani 17, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
Contact: Antonio Rubino

PT Università di Lecce, Italy

PT University of Cosenza
Facoltà di scienza dell'educazione, Italy

Portugal
PT Università di Porto
Faculties of Literature & Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal

Spain

DL Mariano Bosom
c/Mare de Deu del coll, 14-16, 08023 Barcelona, Spain

http://www.recursoshumanos.com

DL Grafaula Coordinador: Antonio M. Gallardo Cruz
E-mail: grafoaula@grafoaula.com
Dirección: C/Valdivieso 21, Ciudad: Madrid, CP: 28023, España
http://www.grafoaula.com

Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. España

http://grafologiauniversitaria.com (Archive 1 Archive 2 Archive 3)

PT Universidad de Valencia
Facultad de Medicina, Valencia, Spain
Contact: Dr. J. Delfin Villalaín Blanco

Switzerland

PT Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie Zürcher Fachhochschule (HAP)

Minervastrasse 30, Postfach, CH-8032 Zürich, Telefon +41 (0)44 268 33 10,

info@hapzh.ch

http://www.hapzh.ch

http://www.hapzh.ch/download/DiplomausbildungVV04.pdf

United Kingdom

DL The British Academy of Graphology
11 Roundacre, London SW19 6DB. UK
http://www.graphology.co.uk Contact: Renna Nezos

DL The Direct Analysis Society
23 Pedna Carne, Higher Fraddon, St. Columb, Cornwall.
TR9 6LF. UK Contact: J. D. Wetton

DL Linda Hencher
Waters Meet, Wass Bank, York. UK

DL International Graphology Association (IGA)
Stonedge, Dunkerton, Bath BA2 8AS. UK
Contact: Lawrence Warner
e-mail: ljw@graphology.org.uk http://www.graphology.org.uk

PT London College of Graphology
London College of Graphology, Administration Centre, 14 Cherry Garden Lane, Folkestone, Kent, CT19 4AD
http://www.collegeofgraphology.co.uk Email tullochliz@hotmail.com

PT Glasgow University. The Department of Adult and Continuing Education (DACE) is one of Scotland's leading centres for lifelong learning.

CLICK HERE FOR HWA LINK or see http://www.gla.ac.uk/adulteducation/

USA

PT/ DL National Society for Graphology 250 West 57th Street
Suite #1020 New York, N.Y. 10107

PT American Society of Professional Graphologists ASPG
23 South Drive, Great Neck, NY 11021 USA
Contact: Pat Siegel classes@aspghandwriting.org
Webpage: http://www.aspghandwriting.org/

DL Academy of Handwriting Sciences (1983 - )
PO Box 65095,Tucson AZ85728 USA
Contact: Heidi Harralson Hapiwriter@aol.com

DL Bart Baggett
(on-line University,Texas, USA)
e-mail: info@myhandwriting.com http://www.myhandwriting.com

DL Curt Baggett

on-line training for Document Examination, began Sept 03. Texas, USA

http://www.handwritinguniversity.com/docexam

DL Andrew Bradley & Associates
PO Box 24043, Denver, CO 80224, USA
(Courses for QD work)

DL Joel Engel www.EngelGraph.com
550J Grand St., Apt. 3E, N.Y.C. 10002 U.S.A. (Free monthly sample lessons)

Dr.JoelEngel@learngraphology.com http://www.learngraphology.com

Handwriting analysis course on CD. Personality evaluation. Unique interactive graphology program.

Free monthly lessons. Handwriting analysis offered. 25 lessons, 370 pages (indexed) with questions and answers

DL GRAPHEX
PO Box 20175, Columbus, Ohio 43220, USA
e-mail: ellen.bowers@ccscmh.org Contact: Dr. Ellen Bowers

DL Handwriting Analysis Inc. 15740 Rockford Road, Suite 220, Plymouth, Minnesota 55446 USA . Jack Cammarata email: haicam@msn.com web http://www.handwritinganalysisinc.com

DL The Institute of Graphological Science
PO Box 793743, Dallas, TX 75379, USA
Contact: Pat Johnson

DL Insyte Inc. (possibly no longer operating? At 11 Aug 2005)
10351 South Blaney Avenue, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
Contact: Sister June Canoles
e-mail: J96WRITE@aol.com

DL International Graphoanalysis Society (IGAS)
842 Fifth Avenue, New Kensington, PA 15068 USA Contact Greg Greco greg@igas.com http://www.igas.com/

PT International School of Handwriting Sciences (ISHS)
1505 South Pagosa Blvd.
Pagosa Springs, CO 81147 USA
Contact: Ted Widmer: e-mail: TWidmer@flash.net
http://www.handwriting.org/ishs/

DL Dr. Erika Karohs
4080 Sunset Lane, Pebble Beach, CA 93953-3050, USA
e-mail: emkarohs@earthlink.net http://karohs.net/ http://karohs.com

DL Felix Klein's Course
Manhattan Handwriting Consultant
250 West 57th Street, Suite 1228-A, New York, NY 10107, USA.
Contact: Janice Klein

DL Liora Laufer
1616 King Mountain Road, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA

DL McNichol-Nelson Graphology Institute
10573 W.Pico Blvd., Suite 820, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
e-mail:AndiePie@aol.com http://www.brainprints.com/Andrea.htm
Contact: Andrea McNichol

DL Rose L. Toomey, 781 South Nardo Avenue 0-23, Solana Beach, CA 92075, USA

PT Vanguard
Developed the Vanguard Certification Program. Contact Sheila Lowe for a syllabus.

Sheila Lowe's Self-Study program in Gestalt graphology is sold by the
lesson, rather than the entire course. Students study at their own pace, and
Sheila is available to answer questions. There are currently four
comprehensive lessons available by email for $65 each or snail mail $75
each. Lesson one covers Spatial Arrangement, Lesson two-- Writing Form,
Lesson three-- Writing movement, and Lesson four--puts the first three
together in the context of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, plus the beginnings
of a graphological report.
http://sheilalowe.com/gestalt.html

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Employment profiling

A company takes a writing sample provided by you, and proceeds to do a profile, to see how well your personality suits the desired job. The research results range from failure ( Lighton, R E A Graphological Examination of the Handwriting of Air Pilots Thesis in the Faculty of Arts: University of Pretoria: 1934) to guarded success (Luca, E S "Major Aptitudes and Personality Chracteristics of 42 Dental Students as Evaluated Through their Handwriting." New York Journal of Dentistry 1973, 43, 281 - 283) The use of graphology in the hiring process has been criticized on ethical ground ( Daryl Koehn "Handwriting Analysis In Pre-Employment Screening" The Online Journal of Ethics Vol. 1 * No. 1 * Article 1 ) and on legal grounds ( Julie Spohn "The Legal Implications of Graphology" Washington University Law Quarterly Vol. 73 * No. 3 * Fall 1997) An additional service, offered by some graphologists, is to say how well the person will fit in with your current employees. According to the BBC, 3,000 employers in the United Kingdom use graphologists as part of their recruitment process.

Marital compatibility

This consists of doing a psychological portrait of each individual, and seeing where their personality traits are compatible or not.

Psychological analysis

It is claimed that people's handwriting gives clues to both their personality and their mental state. These reports can range from a ten item check off list, to a 10,000 word report.

Medical diagnosis

Probably the aspect of handwriting analysis with the most quackery associated with it, and also with the most research done into it.Kanfer claimed that he could detect cancer from an analysis of handwriting, years before doctors could detect it. Subsequent studies failed to support his findings.

Criminal investigation

A discipline of handwriting analysis better known as questioned document examination is used extensively within the United States court system in order to identify or eliminate an individual as being the writer of a particular piece of handwriting - which has no direct connection to the claims of graphology. Goodtitle Drevett v Braham 100 Eng Rep 1139 (1792) is reportedly the first case at which the testimony of a questioned document examiner was accepted. Cameron v Knapp, 137 Misc. 2d 373, 520 N.Y.S.2d 917 (Sup. Ct. N.Y. Co. 1987) (handwriting expert may testify as to the authenticity of a writing but not as to an individual's physical or mental condition based on a handwriting sample) stands as current U.S. case law for the rejection of graphology as psychological testimony.

Carroll v State probably will be best remembered for why graphologists should not be allowed to testify.

Divination

Handwriting is believed by some to hold information about one's future. This application of graphology requires a belief in the supernatural. The code of ethics for the International Graphoanalysis Society prohibits the practice of anything related to the occult.

Applications of graphology

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The most common applications of graphology are:

Employment profiling
Marital compatibility
Psychological analysis
Medical diagnosis

Graphology

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Graphology is the study of handwriting and its connection to behavior, personal information and other human traits. Many graphologists claim to be able to deduce personal information from the handwriting of strangers, including such things as determining where a person is from. Although graphology is widely used in both unofficial and official capacities around the world, it is scorned by many scientists due to a shortage of supporting empirical evidence. Graphology is based upon a number of basic assertions:

When we write, the 'ego' are active but it is not always active to the same degree.
We cannot voluntarily modify our natural writing without putting into it the marks of the effort required to obtain the change.
Writing under difficult circumstances produce either the forms of letters which are most familiar to him, or forms of letters which are simplest and easiest to write.
The physiological mechanism which produces the written movement correlates with the state of the central nervous system and varies in accordance with it. The written strokes, therefore, correspond to the nervous system.
There are no independent signs; there are only general indications which may have different forms. assessed by tracing them back to their origins.
One graphological sign does not necessarily represent a single character trait. For example, rising handwriting may indicate ardour, activity, ambition, momentary joy or folly. The value of a sign depends upon its cause, its context and its intensity. Such vagueness is one of the key points of attack for critics, since most graphology "rules" can apparently be altered at the whim of the test-giver.

Graphology is rife with practitioners of one approach calling practitioners of the other approach charlatans, frauds, and the like. Carroll v State Ark 160; 634 SW 2d 99, 101-102 (1982) being a demonstration of just what each side resorts to, when push comes to shove, in the courtroom. The approaches to handwriting analysis are:

Integrative Graphology

This is also known as 'fixed signs','trait stroke', 'French System' and Graphoanalysis®.

The basic theory is that stroke formations relate to specific personality traits. For example, the letter "t" with the bar crossing above the stem, indicates daydreaming. A crossing at the line indicates distant goals.

There is no published research indicating the accuracy of any of the traits used by any of these systems of handwriting analysis. There are some studies which imply that the approach as a whole has merit. Crumbaugh, James C & Stockholm, Emilie (1977) ("Validation of Graphoanalysis by 'Global' or 'Holistic' Method." Perceptual And Motor Skills April 1977, 44(2), 403-410.) being the most significant one.

Holistic Graphology

This is commonly, but incorrectly referred to as 'Gestalt Graphology'. Gestalt Graphology was a system of handwriting analysis developed circa 1920 in Germany.

In this approach a personality profile is constructed on the basis of combining different things in the script, such as polarity, margins, pressure and spacing.

Symbolic Analysis

In this approach, one looks for symbols seen in the handwriting. For example, John Wayne's signature shows a blackened out portion, that represents his lung cancer.